Bio Ethics

Bio Ethics

‘Bioetika’ yang ‘Relevan’ dan ‘Penting’ di Indonesia Masa-Kini

>> Tuesday, July 22, 2008

Pemahaman mengenai bioetika sudah menjadi keharusan bagi ilmuwan-peneliti yang bergerak di bidang ilmu-ilmu hayati. Arena etika keilmuan (secara umum) relatif sudah lebih lama dikenal di Indonesia ini. Kadang-kadang kita temukan bahwa bioetika diartikan tidak lain sebagai ‘etika biologiwan’, artinya pedoman berperilakunya seorang biologiwan atau seorang ahli bioteknologi. Sebagian lagi memberi tafsir bertolak dari asal katanya: “bio = hidup atau kehidupan” dan “etika = akhlak”, sehingga Prof M. Amin Suma memunculkan istilah “bioakhlaki”. Kalau kita maju selangkah lagi, akan sampailah kita pada istilah “akhlak kehayatan”.
Barangkali tidak ada yang salah dalam pengambilan sikap seperti ini. Bahkan kalau isu nasional dalam bioetika di Indonesia ini ingin digelar, maka mulailah dengan berdiskusi dan mulai membahas pengertian mengenai apa itu ‘bioetika’.
Tidak ada posisi yang keliru dalam diskusi seperti ini. Meja diskusinyapun sebaiknya bundar, sehingga makna ‘bioetika’ yang ‘relevan’ dan ‘penting’ di Indonesia masa-kini yang dihasilkan ialah makna yang diberikan oleh sekumpulan orang (ilmuwan, cendekiawan, dan awam) yang secara bersungguh-sungguh merenungkan ‘masalah’ yang kita hadapi ini. Bagaimana memberi penafsiran makna dan mungkin juga memberi penafsiran-ulanglah yang bermanfaat bagi kita. Jadi, kita memerlukan forum berdebatnya, memerlukan sejumlah orang sehingga tercapai semacam ‘massa kritis’ untuk menggelar secara efektif perhelatan seperti yang dilakukan sehari ini atau pertemuan-pertemuan susulannya.●amrujuli

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Venue for The Ninth Asian Bioethics Conference, 3-7 November 2008

ABC9 will be held at Hotel University Sunan Kalijaga, Yogyakarta. This hotel compound, a former Training Center of te University, is strategically located in Yogyakarta, 10 minutes from the International airport Adisucipto, 15 minutes from the railway station and bus terminal. University Hotel Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta offers 3 (three) room types VIP, deluxe and standard rooms, comfortable and modern.

University Hotel Sunan Kalijaga is suited for meetings and conferences. It has 2 (two) meeting rooms with a capacity of 300 people and 8 (eight) meeting rooms for 20-50 people; Internet service, restaurant, fitness center, with 24-hour service.
Mr. A. Mujib Rahman is the Director of the University Hotel, and can be reached at hotel_university@yaoo.com. The postal address is Jalan Anggrek 137 D, Sambilegi Kidul, Maguwoharjo, Depok, Sleman, Yogyakarta; tel 0274 4332481; fax 0274 4332482

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Menuju Asian Bioethics Conference ke-9 (ABC-9)

Yogyakarta, 3-7 November 2008

1. Setelah menjalani uji-coba dalam menyebar informasi, akhirnya Penyeleggara ABC9 akan mengandalkan dua bentuk di dunia maya dengan teknologi informasi yang populer sekarang ini:
(1) Situs web, dengan alamat www.ninth-abc.info; dan
(2) Blog, dengan alamat http://komisi-bioetika.blogspot.com

2. Panitia Penelenggara juga sudah menyusun daftar nama gabungan antara peserta ABC8 di Bangkok tahun 2007 dan nama mereka yang sudah memasukkan abstrak mereka untuk penyertaan ABC9 nanti.

Daftar ini memuat 236 nama dari 36 (tiga puluh enam) negara. ABC8 diikuti oleh 133 peserta, dan ini berarti 103+15 peserta sudah terjaring untuk ABC9, karena ada sejumlah 15 peserta yang akan mengikuti ABC9 juga mengikuti ABC8.

Ini semua baru data awal, karena peserta Indonesia untuk ABC9 baru terdaftar 14 orang, sedang di Bangkok tahun 2007 lalu ada 9 orang.

3. Uraian singkat mengenai tempat berlangsungnya Asian Bioethics Conference ke-9 ialah:

4. Kegiatan yang mendahului ABC9 antara lain ialah dua Diskusi Panel yang dilakukan dalam bulan Juli ini, yaitu:

(1) Diskusi Panel “Bioetika Islam di Indonesia” dan
(2) Diskusi Panel “Bioetika dan Lingkungan Hidup di Indonesia”.

Keduanya memberi tekanan pada cara pandang pakar Indonesia dalam kedua topik khuus tersebut. Acara ini dilaksanakan di UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta.

Kerangka acuan acara yang pertama antara lain menyatakan bahwa “bioetika menyangkut penanganan pilihan-pilihan yang perlu dan pencarian solusi dari masalah yang ditimbulkan oleh penerapan kemajuan pesat ilmu-ilmu hayati di tengah masyarakat. ... pilihan-pilihan ini ialah bagian dari suatu dilema. Di tengah masyarakat luas di Indonesia, Bioetika Islam bersumber dari gabungan antara prinsip, hak dan kewajiban, dan panggilan atau dorongan untuk berbuat kebajikan ...”.

Sementara acara yang kedua yang menyangkut ‘lingkungan hidup’ berpengantar yang mengingatkan bahwa “Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights dalam tahun 2005 menyatakan bahwa:

“Due regard is to be given to the interconnection between human beings and other forms of life, to the importance of appropriate access and utilization of biological and genetic resources, to the respect for traditional knowledge and to the role of human beings in the protection of the environment, the biosphere and biodiversity”.
(Article 17 – Protection of the Environment, the Biosphere and Biodiversity).

Bagaimana memberi tafsiran dan kemudian menggelar tindakan yang sesuai?
[setKBN]

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International Microbial Biotechnology Conference and Workshop on Metagenome

Jakarta, 11‐13 November 2008
IMBC 2008
Microbes for Beautiful and Prosperous world

Conference Topics
• Microbial diversity for energy and biomass production
• Opportunity and challenges in Microbe‐Macrobe (Mic‐Mac) interactions
• Novel approaches employing microbes to mitigate global climate changes
• Enzymes derived from microbes for biomedical and agro‐biotechnology
• New trends in biotechnology to control and prevent microbial pathogens

Workshop Topics
This workshop will introduce advances in molecular biology techniques to assess microbial biodiversity, such as DGGE, SSCP, T‐RFLP, ARDRA, RNA‐based microbial community analysis, FISH, and DNA Microarrays.

Organized by Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia
Supported by American Society for Microbiology

www.imbc‐indonesia.com imbc_2008@yahoo.com

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Pioneering heart surgeon DeBakey dies at age 99

Sat Jul 12, 2008 2:26pm BST
HOUSTON, July 12 (Reuters) - Surgeon Michael DeBakey, whose ground-breaking heart transplants and coronary bypass operations made him one of the giants of 20th century medicine, has died at age 99. The Baylor College of Medicine and Methodist Hospital said DeBakey died on Friday of natural causes.
Methodist Hospital in Houston was his primary surgical hospital for many years. In a career that spanned more than seven decades, DeBakey developed a number of new surgical procedures that now are standard in treating heart ailments and led many to consider him the father of modern cardiovascular surgery. His best known innovation was the now-common coronary bypass operation for clogged arteries, which he first performed in 1964, using leg veins to bypass blocked or damaged areas between the aorta and coronary arteries.

"He has improved the human condition and touched the lives of generations to come," said Ron Girotto, president of the Methodist Hospital system.

DeBakey, the Louisiana-born son of Lebanese immigrants, was still a student at Tulane University in New Orleans in 1932 when he created the roller pump, which would be a critical component of the heart-lung machine that helped make open-heart surgery possible.
During World War Two, DeBakey served in the Surgeon General's office and was credited with developing the mobile Army surgical hospitals -- MASH units -- that moved medical care closer to the battle lines and hastened treatment of wounded soldiers. In 1953, using his wife's sewing machine, he fashioned out of Dacron the first artificial artery for repairing damaged arteries in a surgery he pioneered.

DeBakey became a medical celebrity in the 1960s when surgeons developed treatments such as heart transplants that captured the fancy of the press and public. In May 1965, he was on the cover of Time magazine and as his reputation grew, DeBakey was sought out by sick celebrities and ailing world leaders. Actors Marlene Dietrich and Jerry Lewis, shipbuilder Aristotle Onassis and many other well-known figures became his patients. He met his second wife at a party at Frank Sinatra's home.

PRESSED FOR MEDICARE PROGRAM

DeBakey had a warm relationship with President Lyndon Johnson, who asked him to be his secretary of Health, Education and Welfare. DeBakey refused but urged Johnson to pass the Medicare program because he knew it would help the elderly. Johnson also became a DeBakey patient and made secret trips to Houston for examinations. In 1996 DeBakey helped treat Boris Yeltsin, sitting in as a consultant while his former student Renat Akchurin performed quintuple bypass surgery on the Russian president, who called him "a magician of the heart."

DeBakey began developing his magic as a child, learning to sew from his mother who was a talented seamstress. He said he would later dedicate himself to surgery "because I would put to use the manual dexterity I developed as a child." DeBakey had a long-running rivalry with another superstar heart surgeon, Denton Cooley of Houston. They had worked together in the 1950s but a rift developed when Cooley won international acclaim by implanting the first artificial heart in a human. DeBakey said the device was identical to one he had been working on and had been used without permission. The feud was chronicled in a Life magazine cover story but in November 2007 the surgeons announced they had reconciled.

In his later years, DeBakey became a leading voice on the need for animal research, opposing groups that said it was cruel and unnecessary. He also was an advocate for veterans health care and the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs hospital in Houston is named after him. DeBakey also trained thousands of surgeons during his career. He worked daily into his late 90s, making the rounds at Houston's Methodist Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, where he was chancellor emeritus. DeBakey received many awards in his career, including the Congressional Gold Medal in April 2008 for his lifetime achievements in medicine. (Writing by Jeff Franks; Editing by Bill Trott and Vicki Allen)

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Flu epidemic tests ethics of those who call the shots

Michael Schroeder
The Journal Gazette

A large-scale flu epidemic – like that seen in 1918 – could potentially sicken millions.
But limited resources – including medical personnel wrestling with going to work instead of staying home to attend to sick families – could force health care providers to make difficult decisions.
Who receives care or who receives a limited supply of drugs during a pandemic flu event are some of the ethical and policy issues to be discussed during a two-day summit today and Tuesday as state health officers and senior public health officials from more than 30 states and territories come together in Indianapolis

Representatives will be coming from as far away as Alaska and the Federated States of Micronesia and include all of Indiana’s neighboring states। They will meet at the University Place Conference Center on the Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis campus to identify key ethical quandaries, share best practices and consider possible solutions.

“The biggest consideration is the limitation in medical resources,” said Dr। Judy Monroe, Indiana state health commissioner and president-elect of the Association of State and Territorial Health Officials. The Indiana State Department of Health, the Indiana University Center for Bioethics and the association are hosting the summit.

Unlike flooding, a pandemic flu would likely stretch resources over a much wider area, so supplies couldn’t just be brought in from adjacent communities or states। National and state stockpiles would help, but Monroe and other health officials say questions such as who gets admitted into burgeoning hospitals would be unavoidable.

Monroe hopes that by comparing notes, states will gain some parity in how they approach ethical issues from altering standards of care to health care workforce management.
That means addressing tough questions।

“The last thing we want to have happen is health care workers feel like they have to make this tragic choice” between family and professional responsibility, said Eric M. Meslin, director of the IU Center for Bioethics and associate dean for bioethics at the IU School of Medicine.
Everyone would understand if a single parent stayed home with sick children, he said। But, Meslin added, some guidelines for workforce management must be in place especially as a good portion of the employees would be home sick or caring for sick family members. He’s interested to hear what other states have done in planning for such issues। Summit attendees will get food for thought this morning when they hear about national survey results on public perceptions of pandemic flu.

A news conference take place when the summit concludes Tuesday। A follow-up meeting will be held Wednesday afternoon for local health officials, health care providers and other stakeholders around the state. At least 10 representatives are expected to attend from northeast Indiana. The session will conclude with a public forum on pandemic flu preparedness from 4 p.m. to 5 p.m.

Dr. Deborah McMahan, Allen County health commissioner, and Brad Witte, the Fort Wayne-Allen County Department of Health’s emergency preparedness and response coordinator, will be among those attending the meeting.
McMahan said ethical issues have been a central component in the county’s efforts to plan for a potential flu pandemic.
“Disasters come and go … You want to make sure that you handle the disaster in a way that’s consistent with the community’s values.”

mschroeder@jg.net

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Regional Conference on Values and Professionalism

13 - 14 November 2008 / 15-16 Zulkaedah 1429H

http://pkukmweb.ukm.my/~ppu/conference.htm

Organiser CENTRE FOR GENERAL STUDIES NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF MALAYSIA
In Collaboration with BANK MUAMALAT MALAYSIABERHAD
13 - 14 November 2008 / 15-16 Zulkaedah 1429H Equatorial Hotel Bangi-Putrajaya

TARGET GROUP
The conference is open to all policy makers, professionals, academicians, researchers, NGOs, and those who are concerned with the needs, issues and development of values and professionalism.

ENCULTURATION OF VALUES AND PROFESSIONALISM
A developed society should be based on equal distribution of wealth as well as advanced and
competitive economy. In tandem with the country's material development, the mindsets,
culture, values and professionalism of its citizens need to be strengthened. A nation
imbued with noble values and professionalism will not be easily influenced by others. Values
are embedded with the practice of professionalism, such as carrying out respective roles and functions accordingly and striving to improve one's ability. Consequently, the Centre for General Studies, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, in collaboration with Bank Muamalat Malaysia takes the initiative to organise a Regional Conference on Values and Professionalism. It is hoped that this
conference will contribute to the enculturation of values and professionalism in a society.

OBJECTIVES
• To provide a platform for academic discussions on the theories and practices of values and professionalism
• To highlight research findings on issues and practices related to values and professionalism in various fields.
• To propose ideas and suggestions to strengthen levels of professionalism and appreciation of values in life.

For any enquiries, please contact the Secretariat: Dr. Zarina Othman; nilaipro@gmail.com

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Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA) Finally Becomes a Reality

>> Tuesday, July 01, 2008

Joann Boughman, PhD, American Society of Human Genetics Executive Vice President
The Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA) now awaits the President’s signature before it officially becomes federal law.

After more than a decade of discussions about the importance of establishing a federal standard barring discrimination in employment and health insurance on the basis of genetic information, both the U.S. Senate and the House have passed a bill that addresses these key issues in American health policy. The Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA) now awaits the President’s signature before it officially becomes federal law.

In summary, the purpose of this legislation is to protect the privacy of Americans’ personal genetic information, and to prevent potential genetic discrimination in decisions about employment and health insurance coverage on the basis of an individual’s genetic testing or screening results.[dari Society Newsletter ASHG, Mei 2008, yang diteruskan oleh Prof. Sultana MH Faradz].

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Buy palm oil plantations, save biodiversity

Nongovernmental organisations (NGOs) campaigning for the environment should acquire small tracts of palm oil plantations in Indonesia and Malaysia say Lian Pin Koh and David S. Wilcove in this Nature article. They argue that the profits gained could be used to establish a network of privately-owned forest nature reserves for biodiversity conservation.
Campaigners claim that palm oil expansion in the two countries is destroying tropical forests and threatening many species, such as orang-utans, in biodiversity hotspots.
Palm oil producers deny the charge, arguing that palm oil is cultivated in disturbed forests or existing cropland.
The authors say that NGOs do not fully grasp the socioeconomic reality in Indonesia and Malaysia — Malaysia's Palm Oil Board estimates plantations provide 500,000 jobs in the country — while growers don't fully appreciate the threat to South-East Asia's unique biodiversity or the potential to rehabilitate disturbed habitats.
For the buy-up proposal to work, NGOs would have to collaborate with large conservation donor groups to fund the initial investments. And, say the authors, an alliance with the local palm oil industry would provide a win-win situation for both sides, providing the NGOs with operational expertise for the plantations and enhancing the corporate image of the industry.

Source : SciDevNet

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Whatever happened to...

Nature News revisits some old stories to find out what happened next. One father’s quest to sequence his daughter’s DNA? In October 2007, we caught up with a very personal take on personal genomics. Hugh Rienhoff, a trained clinical geneticist and bioentrepreneur had bought himself a PCR machine and a gel-box so that he could sequence his daugther’s DNA in hopes of uncovering the disorder that has left her weak and unable to put on much weight. She turned four earlier this month, and Rienhoff says a friend is now helping with additional studies on her DNA as well as sequencing genes from him and his wife. The website Rienhoff created to chronicle her progress and that of his hypothesis has grown slowly since its launch in July: there are now ten users. “It’s not the YouTube for genetics,” Rienhoff jokes, “which I didn’t really expect it to be, to be honest with you.” More probably it will remain a domain for highly motivated parents who have a technical background or access to genomic expertise.

Published online 21 December 2007 Nature doi:10.1038/news.2007.390

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4th Annual Biosimilars Conference Ensuring quality, safety, and performance of follow-on biologics

9th - 11th July 2008, Philadelphia, USA

Visiongain is delighted to host the 4th Annual Biosimilars conference in Philadelphia this July.
This 3-day event will provide you with practical insights into the scientific developments and regulatory challenges that will influence the success of biosimilars/follow-on biologics market. Enabling you with a platform to discuss the issues effecting the market, such as product selection and payer acceptance in a broader industry context. Consideration will be given to the evaluation of unwanted immunogenicity of follow-on biologicals, from preclinical development, through clinical trials, and into the post-registration period to minimise the risks associated with immunogenicity in recipients of therapeutic products.

Topics covered :
• The biosimilar threat: Lessons learned from the European Union
• Understanding the regulatory framework surrounding the development of biosimilars
• Examining the current legal and regulatory landscape for US marketing of follow-on biologics
• Strategies for achieving the most effective patent protection
• The future role biosimilars can play in improving patient access to effective and affordable medicines
• Ensuring patient safety and clinical efficacy
• Potential competition implications for generic biologics
• Examining the emerging market landscape for biosimilars in India
• Opportunities and challenges for biologics in China
• Biosimilar commercialisation opportunities and challenges in the US
• The next generation of biosimilars
• New and established analytical tools for demonstrating comparability

Contact:
Andres Arias, Visiongain Ltd.
pharma.reports3@conferencesandreports.com

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KEANGGOTAAN KOMISI BIOETIKA NASIONAL PERIODE 2008-2012

PENDAHULUAN

Segala sesuatu ada awal dan ada akhirnya, demikian pula dengan masa kerja anggota KBN (Komisi Bioetika Nasional) yang telah dibentuk sejak 17 September 2004. KBN dibentuk dengan keputusan bersama tiga Menteri yaitu Menteri Negara Riset dan Teknologi, Menteri Kesehatan, dan Menteri Pertanian dan berdasarkan Pasal 4 Ayat 6 dari keputusan bersama tersebut yang berbunyi:
“Masa kerja keanggotaan Komisi adalah 4 (empat) tahun terhitung sejak ditetapkannya Keputusan Bersama ini”, maka keanggotaan KBN periode 2004-2008 akan segera memasuki akhir masa kerjanya. Kinerja suatu organisasi ditentukan oleh anggota organisasi dan sistem tata kerja. Demikian pula dengan KBN, kualitas anggota yang bagus akan mendorong kinerja KBN.
Berdasarkan Pasal 4 Ayat 9 yang berbunyi: “Pengangkatan Anggota Komisi untuk masa kerja berikutnya ditetapkan secara bersama oleh Menteri Negara Riset dan Teknologi, Menteri Kesehatan, dan Menteri Pertanian atas usul Komisi.”, maka dapat dikatakan anggota KBN periode 2004-2008 memiliki peran penting untuk memilih anggota baru periode 2008-2012.
Dalam pengajuan ini tentunya harus ada kriteria yang diterapkan serta koordinasi yang baik sehingga nama-nama yang diajukan adalah orang-orang yang tepat. Dalam hal sistem koordinasi sesuai dengan Pasal 6 Ayat 1: “Susunan organisasi dan tata kerja Komisi diatur oleh Ketua Komisi” dan Pasal 6 Ayat 2: ”Pendapat dan atau pertimbangan Komisi kepada Pemerintah disampaikan atas dasr kesepakatan para Anggota Komisi, disertai dengan hak perorangan bagi setiap Anggota Komisi untuk menyampaikan catatan tambahan bila diperlukan”, maka dalam hal ini tata cara pengajuan calon anggota periode 2008-2012 ada dalam peranan anggota dengan koordinasi Ketua.● [Bagian dari kajian Sherly D. Kurniawan, mahasiswa Teknobiologi Universitas Katolik Atma Jaya, dalam Kerja Praktek Lapangan di Set KBN, Januari 2008].

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Sidang Pleno ke-5 Komisi Bioetika Nasional

Sidang Pleno ke-5 KBN dilakukan pada tanggal 19 Mei 2008. Sidang ini dihadiri oleh 26 orang anggota, dan membahas dua topik;
(1) Persiapan Asian Bioethics Conference ke-9 dan
(2) Pembahasan masalah keorganisasian.
Disepakati pembentukan Tim-5 yang akan menyiapkan tata-cara penyusunan rekomendasi keanggotaan KBN untuk periode 2008-2012, yang diketuai oleh Prof Amin Subandrio. Masalah penggantian keanggotaan ini perlu mendapat prioritas dalam tinjauan masalah teknis yang perlu dilakukan, dan untuk itu Tim-5 ini akan menyelesaikan pekerjaannya sebelum akhir Juli 2008. [SetKBN]

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Seminar Bioteknologi Pertanian

Di Auditorium I (Dr. Ir. Ismunadji), Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknlogi dan Sumberdaya Genetik Pertanian, Bogor, 29 Mei 2008.Pada tanggal 3-7 November 2008, Indonesia akan menjadi tuan rumah The Ninth Asian Bioethics Conference, yang akan diselenggarakan di Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta. Dalam rangka menjaring isu-isu bioetika yang terkait dengan pangan dan pertanian, Badan Litbang Pertanian berkerjasama dengan Komisi Bioetika Nasional dan Kedeputian Bidang Dinamika Masyarakat (KRT) menyelenggarakan seminar dengan tema:

“Tinjauan bioetika menuju pertanian berkelanjutan yang selaras dengan alam”

Seminar ini didukung oleh Kedeputian Bidang Peningkatan Konservasi Sumber Daya Alam dan Pengendalian Kerusakan Lingkungan (KLH) serta organisasi profesi Perhimpunan Ilmu Pemuliaan Indonesia (PERIPI), Perhimpunan Mikrobiologi Indonesia (PERMI), dan Perhimpunan Bioteknologi Pertanian Indonesia (PBPI).

Tujuan. Seminar ini dilaksanakan dengan tujuan untuk menjaring masukan dan informasi seluas-luasnya kajian bioetika bidang pertanian (tanaman, peternakan, dan mikroba pertanian) dari ilmuwan pada departemen/lembaga pemerintah, praktisi, dan LSM. Tinjauan berkisar pada aspek etika yang muncul karena penerapan ilmu-ilmu hayati dan ilmu-ilmu sosial pada manusia serta hubungan manusia dengan biosfera, termasuk di dalamnya isu-isu yang terkait dengan pengelolaan keanekaragaman hayati, ketersediaan dan keterjangkauan, animal welfare serta penerapan teknologi.

Materi. Materi pembahasan bioetika di bidang pertanian dikelompokkan menjadi empat, yaitu: (1) tanaman; (2) ternak; (3) mikroba pertanian, dan (4) bioteknologi pertanian. Di samping itu diperkenalkan pula kedudukan dan peran Komisi Bioetika Nasional yang terkait dengan pengembangan iptek. Materi tersebut dituangkan ke dalam dua kelompok makalah, yaitu makalah utama dan makalah pendukung.
  • Isu global tentang bioetika, dengan nara sumber dari Komisi Bioetika Nasional.
  • Isu bioetika yang terkait dengan penelitian, pengembangan, komersialisasi dan pengelolaan sumber daya genetik tanaman, dengan nara sumber dari Komisi Nasional Sumber Daya Genetik.
  • Isu bioetika yang terkait dengan penelitian, pengembangan, komersialisasi, dan pengelolaan sumber daya genetik ternak, dengan nara sumber dari Perhimpunan Ilmu Pemuliaan Indonesia.
  • Isu bioetika yang terkait dengan penelitian, pengembangan, komersialisasi dan pengelolaan sumber daya genetik mikroba, dengan nara sumber dari Perhimpunan Mikrobiologi Indonesia.
  • Isu bioetika yang terkait dengan penelitian, pengembangan, dan komersialisasi produk bioteknologi pertanian, dengan nara sumber dari Perhimpunan Bioteknologi Pertanian Indonesia.
Bila melihat animo peserta dan demi kemajuan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi pertanian, langkah pertama di bidang Bioetika Pertanian ini, dapat dan perlu dilanjutkan dengan diskusi yang lebih intensif antara mereka yang berminat memajukan topik ini selanjutnya.

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Bioetika di UNESCO

Di lingkungan UNESCO kegiatan bioetika dilakukan dalam International Bioethics Commitee (IBC). Pembahasan isyu dilakukan melalui “in-depth bioethical reflection by exposing the issues at stake. It does not pass judgment on one position or another.Instead, it is up to each country, particularly lawmakers, to reflect societal choices within the framework of national legislation and to decide between the different positions”. Sumbangan pemikiran IBC di’salur’kan ke Negara Anggota, melalui Inter-Governmental Bioethics Committee (IGBC). IGBC akan memeriksa “the advice and recommendations of the IBC”. Kedudukan keduanya diatur sekali gus dalam satu Statutes of the International Bioethics Committee (suatu permanent committee yang anggotanya diangkat oleh Director-General UNESCO).

Dalam Sidang Umum UNESCO tahun 2007 yang lalu, Indonesia ditetapkan menjadi satu dari 36 anggota Intergovernmental Bioethics Committee. Dalam pada itu Prof. Soenarto Sastrowijoto, yang juga anggota Komisi Bioetika Nasioal, diangkat oleh Director-General UNESCO menjadi anggota International Bioethics Commision.
Kesibukan penyertaan Indonesia di dalam kedua badan ini tercermin dalam jadwal persidangan yang dihadapi sebagai berikut:

  • Provisional timetable of meetings of UNESCO Statutory Bodies in the field of Bioethics in 2008-2009
  • 15th (ordinary) session of the International Bioethics Committee (IBC), Paris, France, 28–29 October 2008
  • Joint session of the International Bioethics Committee (IBC) and the Intergovernmental Bioethics Committee (IGBC), Paris, France, 30–31 October 2008
  • 16th (ordinary) session of the International Bioethics Committee (IBC), May 2009 (dates and venue to be fixed)
  • 6th session of the Intergovernmental Bioethics Committee (IGBC), Paris, July 2009 (dates to be fixed).
Untuk pencapaian kinerja yang baik dan untuk kepentingan Indonesia, IGBC dan semua kegiatannya dijadikan fokus kegiatan Komisi Bioetika Nasional (KBN).●

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Etika Global dan Lokal.

Ungkapan populer dalam gerakan lingkungan hidup ialah "Berpikir secara global, bertindak secara lokal ". Analisis etika dapat dikenakan pada sejumlah masalah-masalah besar dan kecil. Kita dapat memikirkan masalah yang melibatkan seseorang. Kita dapat memikirkan masalah global. Salah satu contoh ialah menipisnya lapisan ozon. Penipisan ini menghasilkan bertambahnya radiasi UV yang mempengaruhi semua makhluk hidup. Masalah ini dapat dipecahkan oleh tindakan peorangan untuk menghentikan penggunaan bahan kimia yang menyebabkan penipisan lapisan ozon itu, jika alternatif ini tersedia bagi konsumen. Tetapi, tindakan global diperlukan untuk mengendali masalah ini, sampai sekarangpun masih diperlukan. Protokol Montreal, suatu konvensi internasional untuk menghentikan dihasilkannya bahan kimia penyebab penipisan lapisan ozon ialah satu contoh penerapan etika lingkungan hidup universal.

Masalah lain ialah pemanasan Gas Rumah Kaca, yang dihasilkan terutama dari penggunaan energi. Walaupun kita dapat mendesak pemerintah dan industri untuk membuat kebijaksanaan yang lebih baik untuk menurunkan emisi Gas Rumah Kaca, masalah ini hanya dapat dipecahkan oleh tindakan peorangan untuk mengurangi penggunaan energi. Kita dapat melakukan hal ini dengan mengkonsumsi lebih sedikit, mematikan lampu, membangun gedung yang berefisiensi energi lebih dan mencegah pemborosan lain dalam penggunaan energi. Ini adalah tindakan-tindakan sederhana yang harus dilakukan oleh semua orang jika kita peduli pada masa depan planet bumi kita ini. Saat ini, konsumsi energi dapat dikurangi sampai 50-80% melalui perubahan gaya hidup. Teknologi baru dapat membantu, tetapi perubahan gaya hidup dapat memberi pengaruh yang lebih langsung. Warga global seharusnya sadar mengenai cara bagaimana mereka menggunakan sumber daya.●[dari A cross-cultural introduction to bioethics, Darryl Macer, ed., 2006].

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News Bioteknologi

Welcome to Research Center for Biotechnology LIPI

The Ninth Asian Bioethics Conference

Footnote

Contents by KBN ; bio ethics pict from nature_01 template; modified & maintenance by Ahmad S.S

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