Bioetika Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas

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Bioetika adalah biologi dan ilmu kedokteran yang menyangkut masalah di bidang kehidupan, tidak hanya memperhatikan masalah-masalah yang terjadi pada masa sekarang, tetapi juga memperhitungkan kemungkinan timbulnya pada masa yang akan datang.
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Tiga etika dalam bioetika
1. Etika sebagai nilai-nilai dan asa-asas moral yang dipakai seseorang atau suatu keloompok sebagai pegangan bagi tingkah lakunya.
2. Etika sebagai kumpulan asas dan nilai yang berkenaan dengan moralitas (apa yang dianggap baik atau buruk). Misalnya: Kode Etik Kedokteran, Kode Etik Rumah Sakit.
3. Etika sebagai ilmu yang mempelajari tingkah laku manusia dari sudut norma dan Fransese Abel merumuskan definisi tentang bioetika yang diterjemahkan Bertens sebagai berikut:

Bioetika adalah studi interdisipliner tentang problem-problem yang ditimbulkan oleh perkembangan di bidang biologi dan ilmu kedokteran baik pada skala mikro maupun pada skala makro, lagipula tentang dampaknya atas masyarakat luas serta sistim nilainya kini dan masa mendatang.

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Bioetika Indonesia: informasi dari internet

Bioetika Indonesia: informasi dari internet

Bioethics encompasses a field that is wider than just the relationship between the individual physician and the patient, one that includes a professional responsibility toward all form of life as well as the specific ethos that must prevail in modern form of institutionalized and organized medicine.(Sass, 1990)

Bioetika adalah studi interdisiplin tentang masalah-masalah yang ditimbulkan oleh perkembangan biologi dan kedokteran, baik dalam skala mikro, serta dampaknya pada masyarakat sistem nilai kini dan di masa yang akan datang. (Abel, 1997)

Bioetika adalah disiplin yang berkaitan dengan moralitas pelayanan kesehatan, yang menyangkut dokter, pasien, institusi pemberi pelayanan kesehatan, dan kebijakan pelayanan kesehatan. (McCullough, 1994)

A discipline with a variety of methodologies for considering the implications of medical technology and treatment choices and asking what ought to be. (Vincler. LA, 2004)
Bioetika adalah penjelmaan dari Etika Kedokteran yang sudah tidak mampu lagi menampung permasalahan-permasalahan yang berkembang dalam bidang medik, juga karena menyangkut disiplin lain.

Catatan Set KBN: FK UnAir mengelola situs FK, denan halaman khusus bioetika. Di halaman depan khusus bioetika dari situs, http://dev.fk.unair.ac.id/id/bioetik/bioetika.html (19 Oktober 2009):

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Sixth Session of the Intergovernmental Bioethics Committee (IGBC)

held at UNESCO Headquarters in Paris on 9 and 10 July 2009.

IGBC had the opportunity to examine and further comment on the new draft report drawn up by IBC on social responsibility and health and examined the Report of IBC on Human Cloning and International Governance. The following Member States of IGBC were represented: Colombia, Cuba, Czech Republic, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, Denmark, Dominican Republic, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Jamaica, Japan, Kenya, Lebanon, Madagascar, Mauritania, Mauritius, Netherlands, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Republic of Korea, Russian Federation, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Syrian Arab Republic, Slovakia, United Republic of Tanzania, United States of America, Uruguay and Zambia. The Committee elected its Bureau on the proposals put forward by the electoral groups, as follows: Mr Abdulaziz Al Swailem (Saudi Arabia) as Chairperson; Ms Cheryl Brown (Jamaica), Ms Linda Nielsen (Denmark); Mr Rem Petrov (Russian Federation) and Mr Endang Sukara (Indonesia) as Vice-Chairpersons; and Mr Faneva Randrianadraina (Madagascar) as Rapporteur.

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Berbagai forum ‘bioetika’

1.Ordinary Session of the World Commission on the Ethics of Scientific Knowledge and Technology and Satellites, 15-19 June, 2009, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

2.UNESCO Asia-Arab Inter-regional Philosophical Dialogues, 28-30 May 2009, Bangkok, Thailand

3.At the kind invitation of the Government of Mexico, the sixteenth (ordinary) session of the International Bioethics Committee of UNESCO (IBC) was planned to be held in Mexico City, from 4 to 6 May 2009. Last minute change: Sixteenth Session of the International Bioethics Committee (IBC) postponed

Due to the swine influenza epidemic in Mexico City, the Director-General of UNESCO has decided to postpone the sixteenth session of the International Bioethics Committee (IBC) and the European Commission-UNESCO Conference (JACOB) to a later date.

The decision was taken in consultation with the relevant authorities, including the United Nations Department of Safety and Security, the World Health Organization, and the Mexican authorities, and in agreement with local partners, in particular Adolfo Martínez Palomo, Chairperson of the IBC.

Information in this respect will be available online in due course – we hope that the two meetings will still take place in Mexico in two to three months.
Two main topics will be discussed: the principle of social responsibility and health as set forth in the UNESCO Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights (2005) and the issue of human cloning and international governance. The IBC will finalize its work on these two topics and will hold a preliminary reflection on its future work programme. Probably taking place in Latin America, this session will also be the occasion to devote an entire day to bioethics in Latin America and the Caribbean.

The sessions are open to the public.

There is no registration fee. However, as is customary, the travel and living expenses of observers will be borne by them or by the Organization they represent.
Working Documents
Draft Report on Social Responsibility and Health
Draft report of the Working Group of IBC on Human Cloning and International Governance
Working document on the Principle of Respect for Human Vulnerability and Personal Integrity
Background documents
Report of the 15th session of IBC
Report of the joint session of IBC and IGBC

4.European Commission-UNESCO Conference: Joint Action for Capacity-building in Bioethics (JACOB), Mexico City, Mexico, 7-9 May 2009.

5.The Division of Ethics of Science and Technology; Sector for Social and Human Sciences; UNESCO.

6.European Commission-UNESCO Conference: Joint Action for Capacity-building in Bioethics, Mexico City, Mexico 7-9 May 2009.

As part of UNESCO’s work to strengthen the national bioethics infrastructure of its Member States, and in particular to assist in the establishment and capacity-building of independent, multidisciplinary and pluralist ethics committees, a European Commission–UNESCO Joint Action for Capacity-Building (JACOB) in Bioethics, will bring together experts and members of the newly established, currently forming and long-standing National Bioethics Committees (NBCs) from various parts of the world in Mexico City, Mexico from 7 to 9 May 2009.

The Conference will be structured around three major themes:
Emerging Bioethics Issues:
local perspectives from the newly established and experienced National Bioethics Committees (series of presentations and discussions on bioethics topics relevant in different regions of the globe, and the national institutional mechanisms for addressing them).
Building an international network:
devising a common vision for future cross-border collaboration and mutual capacity-building among National Bioethics Committees.
Engaging in ethical discourse:
thematic discussion on the Report on the Principle of Social Responsibility and Health, elaborated by the International Bioethics Committee (IBC) and finalized during its sixteenth ordinary session, with a special focus on the role of National Bioethics Committees in the promotion of this principle in their respective countries.

The conference is open to public.
For more information about the conference, please consult the following website http://portal.unesco.org/shs/en/ev.php-URL_ID=12679&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html or contact: E-mail: ag.burbano-fuertes@unesco.org.

7.BRAIN Matters: New Directions in Neuroethics; September 24 - 26, 2009 di Lord Nelson Hotel; Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
Charlene Croft [charlenecroft@dal.ca], seorang research assistant di Novel Tech Ethics meminta bantuan KBN untuk ikut menyebar informasi mengenai kegiatan IBEN network. Anda dapat berkunjung ke http://www.noveltechethics.ca/site_brainmatters.php
Acara khusus yang disiapkan ialah BRAIN Matters: New Directions in Neuroethics; September 24 - 26, 2009 di Lord Nelson Hotel; Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada:
“This conference will bring together new and established researchers from around the world with a complementary range of expertise in ethics, neuroscience, philosophy of mind, medicine, history, social studies, law and policy, to critically examine a wide range of issues in neuroethics.The Conference Abstract Committee invites proposals for oral presentations, panel presentations, and posters that reflect the diversity of philosophies, disciplines, and methodologies relating to new directions in the field of neuroethics.
Selected conference papers will be published in The American Journal of Bioethics, Neuroethics and the Journal of Ethics and Mental Health.”◊

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Bioetika di Indonesia: arahan kebijakan umum

Posisi Indonesia dalam masalah kebioetikaan sudah jelas dari dua kutipan di bawah ini. Sebagai patokan dasar bioetika dan pangan Indonesia, Menteri Kesehatan dalam arahannya dalam Asian Bioethics Conference yang ke-9 bulan November 2008 yang lalu antara lain menyatakan bahwa: “By simple definition, bioethics is the study of ethical problems raised by productions, uses, and biotecnological aspects of micro-organisms, plant and animals in agriculture, pharmaceutical industry or food production. Hence, the essentiallity of bioethics is the ethics of biotechnology or and the ethics of life sciences. Bioethics has two basic principles (1) reflecting the ability of positive aspects of professionalisn, and (2) avoiding negative behaviour.

By virtue of its definition, and in view of the current biological and health challenges, bioethics has apparent broad scope. There should be a new outlook to respond to the paradigm shift for the future good practice of bioethics. Bioethics should not be looked only within the framework of scientific undertakings of scientists. Policy makers are challenged to understand the implications of bioethical conducts on the overall scientidfic and health development. ...”.

Selain itu dalam tinjauan di bidang pertanian, dalam pertemuan yang sama, Menteri Pertanian antara lain menyatakan:

“… science has also provided us with new technologies to unlock the secret of the genomes of every organism important in agriculture, which open the possibility for the development of new plant varieties with improved yield and qualities. ...

But science alone cannot answer all of our problem. Science may inform us that clearing several hundred hectares of rainforest for rice plantation will give us several tonnes of rice grain at the cost of increasing global temperature and rising sea level by several magnitudes. But science does not tell us whether we should cut the trees or keep the forest. The decision to clearance of land for rice or keeping forest for environmental reason is an ethical decision.

That is one of the reason we cannot separate ethics from science. Without ethical considerations, application of science have the potential to cause harm to human, welfare and dignity. On the other hand, discussing ethics without considering available scientific fact is rarely productive. Ethics and science must go hand in hand, and this is especially important for a democratically elected government who is constantly required to make decisions and policies in the interest of the general public. ...”. [dari Kerangka Acuan ‘Bioetika dan Etika Keilmuan’, LIPI 2009].

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